On this World Sickle Cell Day, we honor the strength of those living with Sickle Cell Disease and the treatments that offer them hope. Hydroxyurea is a cornerstone in managing this condition, known for reducing painful crises, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusions. However, its powerful benefits come with risks, including increased chances of infections and cancer. Dive in to discover more about this life-changing, yet complex, medication:
Generic Name: Hydroxyurea
Brand Name(s): Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos
Pronunciation: hye DROX ee yoo REE a
About this drug:
Hydroxyurea is used to treat resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer, and squamous cell carcinomas of neck and head (excluding the lip) combined with chemoradiation.
It is also used to reduce painful flare-ups and the need for blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell anemia.
This medication will not cure sickle cell anemia.
Dentistry-related tidbits:
Hydroxyurea may increase the risk of infections, thrombocytopenia, bruising, and bleeding.
Follow patients with dental infections/abscesses closely to prevent a worsening or secondary infection while they are taking this medication.
This medication may be dangerous if it touches your skin. Ensure your patient does not take the medication out of the container to show you or the staff.
Life-threatening infections may occur. Refer the patient to their oncologist if you observe any signs of infection such as chills, fever, stomatitis, periodontal inflammation, or dysphagia.
The use of local anesthetics (e.g. Lidocaine) without Epinephrine in combination with Hydroxyurea may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia.
Hydroxyurea combined with the oxazolidinone antibiotic Linezolid or antifolate antibiotic Trimethoprim may increase the risk of myelosuppression.
Steroids in combination with Hydroxyurea may increase the risk of serious infection. Before prescribing any medication, use the Rx Check tool to prevent potential drug interactions or adverse effects.
Fun facts:
Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormally C-shaped red blood cells that become hard and sticky. These cells die prematurely, leading to anemia. Additionally, sickle cells can become trapped in small blood vessels, obstructing blood flow and causing pain along with other serious complications.
It is not known how Hydroxyurea works, but studies show that it increases the production of fetal hemoglobin (HgbF) which helps prevent red blood cells from sickling and adhering to blood vessels.
Hydroxyurea has an FDA Black Box Warning about an increased risk of developing serious infections, bleeding, or cancers.
This medication may make the skin burn easier in the sunlight. Advise patients to apply sunscreen SPF 30 or higher when outdoors.
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